Ldap Tool For Mac
Directory Utility User Guide
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Using Directory Utility, you can edit the mappings, search bases, and search scopes that specify how a Mac finds specific data items in an LDAP directory. Each LDAP directory configuration specifies how a Mac accesses data in an LDAPv3 or LDAPv2 directory. You can edit these settings separately for each LDAP directory configuration listed in Directory Utility.
You can edit the following:
The mapping of each macOS record type to LDAP object classes
The mapping of macOS data types, or attributes, to LDAP attributes for each record type
The LDAP search base and search scope that determine where a Mac looks for a macOS record type in an LDAP directory
When mapping macOS user attributes to a read/write LDAP directory domain, the LDAP attribute mapped to RealName must not be the same as the first attribute in a list of LDAP attributes mapped to RecordName.
For example, the cn attribute must not be the first attribute mapped to RecordName if cn is also mapped to RealName.
If the LDAP attribute mapped to RealName is the same as the first attribute mapped to RecordName, problems occur when you try to edit the full (long) name or the first short name in macOS Server or Directory Editor.
Note: If you clicked the Read from Server button to view all record types and attributes from the bound server, record types or attributes not present in the local directory domain, such as AutoServerSetup or Neighborhoods, are marked red in the Record Types and Attributes window.
In the Directory Utility app on your Mac, click Services.
Click the lock icon.
Enter an administrator’s user name and password, then click Modify Configuration (or use Touch ID).
Select LDAPv3, then click the “Edit settings for the selected service” button .
If the list of server configurations is hidden, click the disclosure triangle next to Show Options.
Select a server configuration, then click Edit.
Click Search & Mappings.
Click the “Access this LDAPv3 server using” pop-up menu and choose a mapping template to use as a starting point; choose Custom to begin with no predefined mappings.
If you choose an LDAP mapping template, a search base suffix that you can change appears, or you can accept the default search base suffix by clicking OK.
Add record types and change their search bases as needed.
Add record types: Click the Add button below the Record Types and Attributes list. In the dialog that appears, select Record Types, select the record types in the list, then click OK.
Change the search base and search scope of a record type: Select it in the Record Types and Attributes list, then edit the “Search base” field. Select “all subtrees” to set the search scope to include the LDAP directory’s hierarchy from the search base down, or select “first level only” to set the search scope to include only the search base and one level below it in the LDAP directory’s hierarchy.
Remove a record type: Select it in the Record Types and Attributes list, then click the Delete button .
Add a mapping for a record type: Select the record type in the Record Types and Attributes list, click the Add button below “Map to_items in list,” then enter the name of an object class from the LDAP directory.
Add another LDAP object class: Press Return, then enter the name of the object class and specify whether to use the listed LDAP object classes by using the pop-up menu above the list.
Change a mapping for a record type: Select the record type in the Record Types and Attributes list, double-click the LDAP object class you want to change in the “Map to __ items in list,” then edit it. Specify whether to use the listed LDAP object classes by using the pop-up menu above the list.
Remove a mapping for a record type: Select the record type in the Record Types and Attributes list, select the LDAP object class you want to remove from the “Map to __ items in list,” then click the Delete button (below “Map to __ items in list”).
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Add attributes and change their mappings as needed.
Add attributes to a record type: Select the record type in the Record Types and Attributes list, then click the Add button (below the Record Types and Attributes list). In the dialog that appears, select Attribute Types, select an attribute type, then click OK.
Add a mapping for an attribute: Select the attribute in the Record Types and Attributes list, click the Add button (below “Map to __ items in list”), then enter the name of an attribute from the LDAP directory. To add another LDAP attribute, press Return, then enter the name of the attribute.
Change a mapping for an attribute: Select the attribute in the Record Types and Attributes list, double-click the item you want to change in the “Map to __ items in list,” then edit the item name.
Remove a mapping for an attribute: Select the attribute in the Record Types and Attributes list, select the item you want to remove from the “Map to __ items in list,” then click the Delete button (below “Map to __ items in list”).
Change the order of attributes that appear in the list on the right: Drag the attributes up or down in the list.
Save your mappings as a template or store them to a server.
To save your mappings as a template, click Save Template.
Templates saved in the default location are listed in the pop-up menus of LDAP mapping templates the next time you open Directory Utility. The default location for saved templates is in your home folder at this path:
~/Library/Application Support/Directory Access/LDAPv3/Templates/
To store the mappings in the LDAP directory so it can supply them automatically to its clients, click Write to Server, then enter a search base to store the mappings, a distinguished name of an administrator or other user with write permission for the search base (for example, uid=diradmin,cn=users,dc=ods,dc=example,dc=com), and a password.
If you are writing mappings to an Open Directory LDAP server, the correct search base is cn=config,suffix (where suffix is the server’s search base suffix, such as dc=ods,dc=example,dc=com).
The LDAP directory supplies its mappings to Mac clients whose custom search policy includes a connection that’s configured to get mappings from the LDAP server.
The LDAP directory also supplies its mappings to all macOS clients that have an automatic search policy. See Configure LDAP directory access and Advanced search policy settings.
Directory Utility User Guide
Important: With the advanced options of the Active Directory connector, you can map the macOS unique user ID (UID), primary group ID (GID), and group GID attributes to the correct attributes in the Active Directory schema. However, if you change these settings later, users might lose access to previously created files.
Bind using Directory Utility
In the Directory Utility app on your Mac, click Services.
Click the lock icon.
Enter an administrator’s user name and password, then click Modify Configuration (or use Touch ID).
Select Active Directory, then click the “Edit settings for the selected service” button .
Enter the DNS host name of the Active Directory domain you want to bind to the computer you’re configuring.
The administrator of the Active Directory domain can tell you the DNS host name.
If necessary, edit the Computer ID.
The Computer ID, the name the computer is known by in the Active Directory domain, is preset to the name of the computer. You can change it to conform to your organization’s naming scheme. If you’re not sure, ask the Active Directory domain administrator.
Important: If your computer name contains a hyphen, you might not be able to bind to a directory domain such as LDAP or Active Directory. To establish binding, use a computer name that does not contain a hyphen.
If the advanced options are hidden, click the disclosure triangle next to Show Options. You can also change advanced option settings later.
(Optional) Select options in the User Experience pane.
See Set up mobile user accounts, Set up home folders for user accounts, and Set a UNIX shell for Active Directory user accounts.
(Optional) Select options in the Mappings pane.
See Map the group ID, Primary GID, and UID to an Active Directory attribute.
(Optional) Select options in the Administrative pane.
Prefer this domain server: By default, macOS uses site information and domain controller responsiveness to determine which domain controller to use. If a domain controller in the same site is specified here, it’s consulted first. If the domain controller is unavailable, macOS reverts to default behavior.
Allow administration by: When this option is enabled, members of the listed Active Directory groups (by default, domain and enterprise admins) are granted administrative privileges on the local Mac. You can also specify desired security groups here.
Allow authentication from any domain in the forest: By default, macOS automatically searches all domains for authentication. To restrict authentication to only the domain the Mac is bound to, deselect this checkbox.
See Control authentication from all domains in the Active Directory forest.
Click Bind, then enter the following information:
Note: The user must have privileges in Active Directory to bind a computer to the domain.
Username and Password: You might be able to authenticate by entering the name and password of your Active Directory user account, or the Active Directory domain administrator might need to provide a name and password.
Computer OU: Enter the organizational unit (OU) for the computer you’re configuring.
Use for authentication: Select if you want Active Directory added to the computer’s authentication search policy.
Use for contacts: Select if you want Active Directory added to the computer’s contacts search policy.
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Click OK.
Directory Utility sets up trusted binding between the computer you’re configuring and the Active Directory server. The computer’s search policies are set according to the options you selected when you authenticated, and Active Directory is enabled in Directory Utility’s Services pane.
With the default settings for Active Directory advanced options, the Active Directory forest is added to the computer’s authentication search policy and contacts search policy if you selected “Use for authentication” or “Use for contacts.”
However, if you deselect “Allow authentication from any domain in the forest” in the Administrative Advanced Options pane before clicking Bind, the nearest Active Directory domain is added instead of the forest.
You can change search policies later by adding or removing the Active Directory forest or individual domains. See Define search policies.
Bind using a configuration profile
The directory payload in a configuration profile can configure a single Mac, or automate hundreds of Mac computers, to bind to Active Directory. As with other configuration profile payloads, you can deploy the directory payload manually, using a script, as part of an MDM enrollment, or by using a client-management solution.
Payloads are part of configuration profiles and allow administrators to manage specific parts of macOS. You select the same features in Profile Manager that you would in Directory Utility. Then you choose how the Mac computers get the configuration profile.
In the Server app on your Mac, do the following:
To configure Profile Manager, see Start Profile Manager in the macOS Server User Guide.
To create an Active Directory payload, see Directory MDM payload settings for Apple devices in Mobile Device Management Settings for IT Administrators.
If you don’t have the Server app, you can download it from the Mac App Store.
Bind using the command line
You can use the dsconfigad command in the Terminal app to bind a Mac to Active Directory.
For example, the following command can be used to bind a Mac to Active Directory:
dsconfigad -preferred <adserver.example.com> -a <computername> –domain example.com -u administrator -p <password>After you bind a Mac to the domain, you can use dsconfigad to set the administrative options in Directory Utility:
dsconfigad -alldomains enable -groups domain <admins@example.com>, enterprise <admins@example.com>Advanced command–line options
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The native support for Active Directory includes options that you don’t see in Directory Utility. To see these advanced options, use either the Directory payload in a configuration profile; or the dsconfigad command–line tool.
Start reviewing the command–line options by opening the dsconfigad man page.
Computer object password interval
When a Mac system is bound to Active Directory, it sets a computer account password that’s stored in the system keychain and is automatically changed by the Mac. The default password interval is every 14 days, but you can use the directory payload or dsconfigad command–line tool to set any interval that your policy requires.
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Setting the value to 0 disables automatic changing of the account password: dsconfigad -passinterval 0
Note: The computer object password is stored as a password value in the system keychain. To retrieve the password, open Keychain Access, select the system keychain, then select the Passwords category. Find the entry that looks like /Active Directory/DOMAIN where DOMAIN is the NetBIOS name of the Active Directory domain. Double-click this entry, then select the “Show password” checkbox. Authenticate as a local administrator as needed.
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Namespace support
macOS supports authenticating multiple users with the same short names (or login names) that exist in different domains within the Active Directory forest. By enabling namespace support with the Directory payload or the dsconfigad command–line tool, a user in one domain can have the same short name as a user in a secondary domain. Both users have to log in using the name of their domain followed by their short names (DOMAINshort name), similar to logging in to a Windows PC. To enable this support, use the following command:
dsconfigad -namespace <forest>
Packet signing and encryption
The Open Directory client can sign and encrypt the LDAP connections used to communicate with Active Directory. With the signed SMB support in macOS, it shouldn’t be necessary to downgrade the site’s security policy to accommodate Mac computers. The signed and encrypted LDAP connections also eliminate any need to use LDAP over SSL. If SSL connections are required, use the following command to configure Open Directory to use SSL:
dsconfigad -packetencrypt ssl
Note that the certificates used on the domain controllers must be trusted for SSL encryption to be successful. If the domain controller certificates aren’t issued from the macOS native trusted system roots, install and trust the certificate chain in the System keychain. Certificate authorities trusted by default in macOS are in the System Roots keychain. To install certificates and establish trust, do one of the following:
Import the root and any necessary intermediate certificates using the certificates payload in a configuration profile
Use Keychain Access located in /Applications/Utilities/
Use the security command as follows:
/usr/bin/security add-trusted-cert -d -p basic -k /Library/Keychains/System.keychain <path/to/certificate/file>
Restrict Dynamic DNS
macOS attempts to update its Address (A) record in DNS for all interfaces by default. If multiple interfaces are configured, this may result in multiple records in DNS. To manage this behavior, specify which interface to use when updating the Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) by using the Directory payload or the dsconfigad command–line tool. Specify the BSD name of the interface in which to associate the DDNS updates. The BSD name is the same as the Device field, returned by running this command:
networksetup -listallhardwareports
When using dsconfigad in a script, you must include the clear-text password used to bind to the domain. Typically, an Active Directory user with no other administrator privileges is delegated the responsibility of binding Mac computers to the domain. This user name and password pair is stored in the script. It’s common practice for the script to securely delete itself after binding so this information no longer resides on the storage device.